Correction of the pathogenic mutation in the G6PC3 gene by adenine base editing in mutant embryos / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To determine whether the adenine base editor (ABE7.10) can be used to fix harmful mutations in the human G6PC3 gene. Methods: To investigate the safety of base-edited embryos, off-target analysis by deep sequencing was used to examine the feasibility and editing efficiency of various sgRNA expression vectors. The human HEK293T mutation models and human embryos were also used to test the feasibility and editing efficiency of correction. Results: ①The G6PC3(C295T) mutant cell model was successfully created. ②In the G6PC3(C295T) mutant cell model, three distinct Re-sgRNAs were created and corrected, with base correction efficiency ranging from 8.79% to 19.56% . ③ ABE7.10 could successfully fix mutant bases in the human pathogenic embryo test; however, base editing events had also happened in other locations. ④ With the exception of one noncoding site, which had a high safety rate, deep sequencing analysis revealed that the detection of 32 probable off-target sites was <0.5% . Conclusion: This study proposes a new base correction strategy based on human pathogenic embryos; however, it also produces a certain nontarget site editing, which needs to be further analyzed on the PAM site or editor window.

Radiation dose and fractionation regimen for limited stage small cell lung cancer: a survey of current practice patterns of Chinese radiation oncologists / 中华放射肿瘤学杂志

Objective:To investigate the radiation dose and fractionation regimens for limited stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) in Chinese radiation oncologists.Methods:Over 500 radiation oncologists were surveyed through questionnaire for radiation dose and fractionation regimens for LS-SCLC and 216 valid samples were collected for further analysis. All data were collected by online questionnaire designed by WJX software. Data collection and statistical analysis were performed by SPSS 25.0 statistical software. The differences in categorical variables among different groups were analyzed by Chi-square test and Fisher's exact test. Results:Among 216 participants, 94.9% preferred early concurrent chemoradiotherapy, 69.4% recommended conventional fractionation, 70.8% preferred a total dose of 60 Gy when delivering conventional radiotherapy and 78.7% recommended 45 Gy when administering hyperfractionated radiotherapy.Conclusions:Despite differences in LS-SCLC treatment plans, most of Chinese radiation oncologists prefer to choose 60 Gy conventional fractionated radiotherapy as the main treatment strategy for LS-SCLC patients. Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO), National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and Chinese Medical Association guidelines or expert consensus play a critical role in guiding treatment decision-making.

Risk factors for heart failure in patients with hemodialysis and construction of nomogram model / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective:To analyze the risk factors for heart failure in patients with hemodialysis, and to construct a nomogram model.Methods:The clinical data of 218 patients with hemodialysis in Xianyang Central Hospital from January 2021 to April 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 83 cases developed heart failure (heart failure group), and 135 cases did not develop heart failure (control group). The relevant clinical data were recorded, including age, sex, body mass index, disease duration, concurrent infection, blood calcium, blood phosphorus, soluble CD 146 (sCD 146), soluble growth-stimulated expression gene 2 protein (sST2), N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP), time-averaged urea concentration (TACurea), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), blood creatinine and 24 h urine volume. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the efficacy of each index in predicting heart failure in patients with hemodialysis. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the independent risk factors of heart failure in patients with hemodialysis. R language software 4.0 "rms" package was used to construct the nomogram model for predicting the heart failure in patients with hemodialysis, the calibration curve was internally validated, and the decision curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the nomogram model. Results:There were no statistical difference in gender composition, age, body mass index, disease duration, 24 h urine volume and blood creatinine between the two groups ( P>0.05); the rate of concurrent infection, blood phosphorus, sCD 146, sST2, NT-proBNP, TNF-α and TACurea in heart failure group were significantly higher than those in control group: 39.76% (33/83) vs. 8.89% (12/135), (1.53 ± 0.34) mmol/L vs. (1.27 ± 0.24) mmol/L, (43.60 ± 10.24) μmol/L vs. (28.08 ± 7.99) μmol/L, (49.00 ± 9.41) μg/L vs. (34.53 ± 8.05) μg/L, (38.57 ± 6.79) μg/L vs. (29.72 ± 5.64) μg/L, (5.18 ± 0.92) μg/L vs. (4.07 ± 1.13) μg/L and (24.28 ± 4.37) mmol/L vs. (17.96 ± 2.52) mmol/L, the blood calcium was significantly lower than that in control group: (1.95 ± 0.36) mmol/L vs. (2.31 ± 0.39) mmol/L, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.01). ROC curve analysis result showed that the optimal cut-off values of blood calcium, blood phosphorus, sCD 146, sST2, NT-proBNP, TNF-α and TACurea for heart failure in patients with hemodialysis were 2.01 mmol/L, 1.42 mmol/L, 34.15 μmol/L, 40.37 μg/L, 35.37 μg/L, 4.33 μg/L and 20.74 mmol/L. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis result showed that the blood calcium (≤2.01 mmol/L), blood phosphorus (>1.42 mmol/L), sCD 146 (>34.15 μmol/L), sST2 (>40.37 μg/L), NT-proBNP (>35.37 μg/L), TNF-α (>4.33 μg/L) and TACurea (>20.74 mmol/L) were independent risk factors for heart failure in patients with hemodialysis ( OR = 1.183, 1.582, 1.915, 1.105, 1.459, 1.347 and 1.717; 95% CI 1.102 to 1.191, 1.274 to 1.868, 1.716 to 2.105, 1.072 to 1.141, 1.225 to 1.703, 1.132 to 1.574 and 1.482 to 1.935; P<0.05 or <0.01). The blood calcium, blood phosphorus, sCD 146, sST2, NT-proBNP, TNF-α and TACurea were used as predictors to construct a nomogram model for predicting heart failure in patients with hemodialysis. Internal validation result showed that the nomogram model predicted the heart failure with good concordance in patients with hemodialysis (C-index = 0.811, 95% CI 0.675 to 0.948); the nomogram model predicted the heart failure in patients with hemodialysis at a threshold>0.18, provided a net clinical benefit, and all had higher clinical net benefits than blood calcium, blood phosphorus, sCD 146, sST2, NT-proBNP, TNF-α and TACurea. Conclusions:The nomogram model constructed based on blood calcium, blood phosphorus, sCD 146, sST2, NT-proBNP, TNF-α and TACurea has better clinical value in predicting the heart failure in patients with hemodialysis.

The Contemporary Value of Carrying forward Norman Bethune Spirit in the Context of Sudden Public Health Crisis / 中国医学伦理学

The spirit of Norman Bethune was formed during the period of the Comprehensive Anti-Japanese War, and played an important role in shaping thought and promoting foreign exchanges in the subsequent inheritance and development process. Promoting the spirit of Norman Bethune in the context of sudden public health crisis, relying on its spiritual strength and extensive influence, and in line with China’s anti-epidemic experience, explaining its principles, methods, organizations, driving forces, and exemplary experiences, so that the Norman Bethune spirit can be promoted and developed in the context of sudden public health crisis, giving its a strong contemporary appeal.

Improvement effect of diterpene ginkgolides on acute tMCAO rats and chronic tMCAO rats / 药学学报

To study the cognitive effects of diterpene ginkgolides (DG), transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO)-induced rats were established. tMCAO-rats induced by suture method were divided into sham operation group, solvent control group, NBP group, DG group. The animal experiments in the present study were performed in accordance with the Ethical Guidelines of the Laboratory Animal Welfare Ethical Committee of Peking Union Medical College (00000646, 00000635). The effects of DG on tMCAO rats were evaluated by neurological severity score, cerebral infarction volume measurement, step-down and Morris water maze test. In the acute tMCAO rat model, 100 mg·kg-1 DG improved the neural score and infarction volume. In the chronic tMCAO rat model, DG 100 mg·kg-1 significantly improved the survival rate of tMCAO-induced rats. The Morris water maze results showed 100 mg·kg-1 DG decreased the latency of tMCAO-induced rats to find the platform, while the effect was weaker than the NBP. However, DG 30 mg·kg-1 did not show a significant effect. In conclusion, DG exerted a therapeutic effect on transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.

Clinical Treatment Ideas of “Treatment with Combination of Diverse Methods and Prescriptions” in TheInner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》） / 中医杂志

As a basic source for the theoretical system of traditonal Chinese medicine （TCM）， the Inner Canon of Yellow Emperor （《黄帝内经》） made the point of “treatment with combination of diverse methods and prescriptions”，which is one of the characteristics of TCM in treating diseases. This paper discussed the therapeutic idea of “diverse methods and prescriptions” from five dimensions， including time， population， regions， diseases， and treatments， and proposed that “combined treatment” is an effective measure to embody the idea of “diverse methods and prescriptions”. That is to say， by taking the combination of the concept of holism and syndrome differentiation and treatment as the starting point， combining pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies， and treating both internal and external diseases through multiple ways and methods， the goal to treat the disease at the root， and keep yin at peace and yang compact can be achieved. Finally， it is suggested to guide the clinical practice with “treatment with combination of diverse methods and prescriptions”， providing new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Effects of Dayuanyin decoction on lung injury and gut microbiota in mice with RSV-Hanshi yufei syndrome / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of Dayuanyin decoction （DYY） on lung injury and gut microbiota in mice with RSV-Hanshi yufei syndrome. METHODS Thirty-six BALB/c mice were divided into the normal group （NC group）， model group （MC group）， positive control group （LBM group， 57.59 mg/kg ribavirin）， DYY low-dose， medium-dose and high-dose groups （LDYY，MDYY，HDYY groups，1.67，3.34，6.68 g/kg，calculated by crude drug）， with 6 mice in each group. Except for NC group， RSV-Hanshi yufei syndrome model was induced by “Hanshi modeling+RSV infection”； after the second cold and wet stimulation， RSV solution was dripped into the nasal cavity at 50% tissue culture infectious dose， once a day， for 3 consecutive days； each administration group was given corresponding solution intragastrically 4 hours after each nasal drip， once a day， for 5 consecutive days. The levels of motilin （MTL） and gastrin （GAS） in serum， the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in supernatant of lung tissue， and the percentage of peripheral blood lymphocytes were all determined. The pathological changes of lungs were observed， and the changes of gut microbiota were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with MC group， the levels of MTL in serum （except for HDYY group）， and the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in supernatant of lung tissue were all decreased significantly in DYY groups， while the level of GAS （except for HDYY group） in serum was increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The pathology of lung tissue was improved， the percentage of T lymphocytes in LDYY group and the percentages of T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte in MDYY group were all increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared with the NC group， Bacteroidetes， Actinobacteria， Bacteroides， Alistipes， Bacteroidota， Bacteroides acidfaciens and Alloprevotella were expressed in high abundance， while Firmicutes， Proteobacteria， Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group， Kineothrix and Clostridiales unclassified were expressed in low abundance. After the intervention of medium-dose DYY， the relative abundance of each microbiota tended to be adjusted back， with different species including Lachnospiraceae_UCG-Ruminococcus， etc. CONCLUSIONS Dayuanyin decoctioncan reduce the lung injury caused by RSV， the mechanism of which may be associated with relieving inflammation， regulating gastrointestinal hormone levels， the percentage of lymphocytes and the abundance of beneficial and harmful bacteria in the intestinal tract.

Investigation on the pharmacological mechanisms of Shirebi granules in treating gouty arthritis with damp-heat syndrome based on crosstalk of Wnt/β-catenin signaling / 药学学报

Gouty arthritis is a type of metabolic rheumatic disease caused by autoimmune abnormalities. Currently, the use of Western medicine in the clinical treatment of gouty arthritis has been associated with a high risk of adverse reactions. Therefore, there is a growing interest in exploring therapeutic drugs from traditional Chinese medicine as a potential alternative. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, gouty arthritis has been classified as damp-heat arthralgia syndrome. Shirebi granules has been found to have good clinical efficacy in treating gouty arthritis. However, its underlying pharmacological mechanisms remain unclear. To address this problem, the study first established the interaction network of candidate targets for Shirebi granules, which is used to treat damp-heat syndrome of gouty arthritis. Then, the key candidate targets of Shirebi granules for treating gouty arthritis with damp-heat syndrome were screened by calculating the topological features of the network nodes. Then, the functional mining of the key candidate targets revealed that the candidate targets of Shirebi granules may intervene in the biological process of inflammatory response and lipid metabolism through the crosstalk of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. To verify the effectiveness of Shirebi granules in treating gouty arthritis with damp-heat syndrome, a rat model was established. The results demonstrated that the granules significantly improved the severity of arthritis in rats with this condition, reduced joint inflammation, gait score, swelling index, increased mechanical pain threshold (P < 0.05), and reduced the content of serum inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in gouty arthritis rats with damp-heat syndrome (P < 0.01) gouty. It was also found that Shirebi granules effectively alleviated the symptoms of dampness heat syndrome such as local joint fever and dry mouth by reducing the temperature of the joints in acute gouty arthritis with damp-heat syndrome (AD) rats, increasing the threshold of heat pain, increasing water intake (P < 0.01), and inhibiting abnormal changes in the content of fatty acid oxidation related enzymes (P < 0.01). Western blot analysis showed that Shirebi granules increased the protein expression levels of Wnt and β-catenin (P < 0.01) while decreasing the protein expression of p65, p-p65 and PPARγ (P < 0.01) in rats with gouty arthritis and damp-heat syndrome. The results showed that Shirebi granules may reverse the "inflammation-immune" imbalance and lipid metabolism disorder by regulating the crosstalk of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and play a role in alleviating the severity of the disease. This study provides a methodological reference for elucidating the pharmacological mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine formulas. It also presents research ideas for the appropriate clinical use of Chinese patent medicines and the development of new clinical drugs for gouty arthritis therapy. The animal welfare and experiment procedures of this study were performed in accordance with the regulations of the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (grant No. ERCCACMS11-2302-08).

Two new 2,3-seco triterpenoids from Rubus pirifolius Smith / 药学学报

Eight compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the 80% aqueous ethanol extract of the roots and stems of Rubus pirifolius Smith by AB-8 macroporous resin, silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis such as 1D/2D NMR, MS, UV, IR and by comparison with literature information as rubussecotriterpene A (1), rubussecotriterpene B (2), cecropiacic acid (3), cecropiacic acid 3-methyl ester (4), alphitolic acid (5), betulinic acid (6), betulin (7), and obtusalin (8). Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, and compounds 3-8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

A simulating method for dripping process of Ginkgo biloba leaf dripping pills based on computational fluid dynamics technology / 药学学报

A simulating method for dripping process of Ginkgo biloba leaf dripping pills based on computational fluid dynamics was constructed. Ginkgo biloba leaf dripping pills was explored as the experimental subject to simulate the dripping process based on FLOW-3D software. The dripping process was simulated through the derivation of the governing equations, the selection of the models, and simulation parameters. Firstly, the droplet morphologies and drop speeds under different liquid viscosity were simulated. It was found that with the increase of the liquid viscosity, the drop speed decreased and the difficulty of droplet preparation gradually increased. The simulation results were consistent with the experiment results. Secondly, the droplet morphologies at different drop speeds were investigated and verified by experiments. It was found that the simulation results had a good correlation with the experiment results. The results shown that the viscosity of the liquid was the critical material attribute, and the drop speed was the critical process parameter, according to the droplet morphology. The establishment of the simulation method can deepen the understanding of the dripping process and provide a reference for the selection of raw materials and process parameters.

Effectiveness of online and offline health education myopia intervention on primary school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To assess the effectiveness of online and offline myopia prevention and control health education interventions using wearable behavior monitoring tools for non myopic elementary school students,so as to provide evidence based medical support for public health practices.@*Methods@#From May to June in 2021, two schools were selected within the same county in Jiangsu Province. School 1 conducted online and offline parental health education ( n =111), while school 2 exclusively conducted offline health education activities, representing the traditional intervention group ( n =122). Students from both schools underwent monitoring through wearable behavior tracking tools, with feedback reports provided (eye distance, eye duration, ambient light, and outdoor exposure time). Both schools relied on activities to carry out health education interventions, and organized the distribution of promotional materials and display boards. The intervention group also established WeChat groups to conduct online "Healthy Parents Action" (answering and providing feedback on health knowledge related to myopia prevention and control, myopia prevention and control, science popularization, etc. raised by parents). Evaluation criteria included myopia rates, post dilation refractive error, and axial length, with a tracking period of two years (from 2021 to 2023). Additionally, the study collected refractive parameters from non myopic students who did not participate in wearable tool monitoring in the 12 classes across the two schools.@*Results@#The baseline results indicated that there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of refractive parameters and wearable tool monitoring results (including screen time, viewing distance, outdoor exposure time, and homework light exposure)( t/Z/χ 2=1.94,1.17,0.58,0.40,0.80,0.69,0.32, P >0.05). After a two-year follow up, in the first and second year, the myopia rate of the online Healthy Parents Action group (11.4%, 29.7%) were lower than that of the traditional group (26.2%, 50.9%), and the degree of refractive change in the intervention group [0.63(0.38,1.19)D] was lower than that of the traditional group [0.91(0.40,1.50)D], and all the differences were statistically significant( χ 2/ Z =4.93，10.37，2.29， P <0.05). However, there were no significant differences ( P >0.05) in axial length changes between the two groups over the twoyear intervention period. Nevertheless, in the second year, the axial length change in the traditional group [0.35(0.20,0.65)mm] was lower than that in the natural observation group [0.55(0.30,0.75)mm], and this difference was statistically significant ( Z =1.92, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#Online and offline myopia prevention and control health education can effectively reduce myopia rates. The intervention mode combining wearable behavior monitoring tools with online health education may have better effects, but further large sample and multi center studies are needed to provide additional evidence and confirmation.

Agreement study of anterior segment parameters measured by two kinds of ocular biometry based on imaging principle of Scheimpflug / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To compare the differences and agreement of anterior segment biometric parameters of myopic patients measured by domestic Scansys and the imported Sirius based on the principle of Scheimpflug imaging technique.METHODS: In this case series study, 103 cases(103 eyes)that underwent pre-refractive surgery(including small incision lenticule extraction, femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis, transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy and implantable contact lens implantation)at Aier Excellent Eye Hospital from May 2022 to October 2022 were recruited. Preoperative keratometry(Km), central corneal thickness(CCT), anterior chamber depth(ACDEndo.), anterior chamber angle(ACA), anterior chamber volume(ACV), white to white(WTW)of patients were recorded.RESULTS: The results of Km, CCT, ACA, and WTW measured by Scansys and Sirius were 42.88(41.54, 44.60)and 42.98(41.56, 44.52)D,(541.52±29.08)and(549.55±29.62)μm, 42.70°±2.67° and 46.63°±5.13°, 12.10±0.60 and 11.98±0.47 mm, respectively, showing the difference was statistically significant(all P&#x003C;0.01). The ACV measured by Scansys and Sirius was 194.26±31.06 and 191.47±25.65 mm3, and ACDEndo. was 3.40(3.17, 3.57)and 3.43(3.19, 3.56)mm, with no statistically significant difference(all P&#x003E;0.05). The range of Km, CCT, ACA, ACDEndo., ACV and WTW values measured by the two instruments was small, with an average difference close to zero, and the points percentage of 95% limits of agreement(LoA)was &#x003C;5%, which is of good consistency.CONCLUSIONS: Scansys and Sirius have small differences and good agreement in the parameters, which can be replaced by each other in clinical practice. Scansys could theoretically be used to extrapolate the implantable contact lens model or could be a new option for anterior segment parameter measurements.

Exploring on Mechanism of Gegen Qinliantang in Interventing Antibiotic-associated Diarrhea Based on 16S rRNA Sequencing and Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism of Gegen Qinliantang（GQT） on the intestinal flora of antibiotic-associated diarrhea（AAD） by 16S rRNA sequencing and network pharmacology. MethodSixty SD rats were randomly divided into six groups（n=10）， including blank group， model group， GQT high-， medium- and low-dose groups（10.08， 5.04， 2.52 g·kg-1） as well as Lizhu Changle group（0.15 g·kg-1）， except for the blank group， each group was given clindamycin（250 mg·kg-1） by gavage once a day for 7 consecutive days. After successful modeling， the blank group and the model group were given equal volumes of normal saline by gavage. The other groups were given corresponding doses of drugs by gavage for 14 days. Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform（TCMSP） was used to screen the active components and targets of GQT， GeneCards， Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man（OMIM） database， Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics Knowledge Base（PharmGKB）， DrugBank and DisGeNET were used to search for AAD disease targets. The drug-disease common targets were obtained by R software. STRING was applied to analyze the target protein-protein interaction， and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis was performed. Then hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the colon， and 16S rRNA sequencing of AAD colon content flora structure further verified the results of network pharmacology. ResultThrough network pharmacology， it was found that 238 active components were screened from GQT and acted on 276 component targets， among which quercetin， puerarin， wogonin and apigenin were the main core components of GQT， 1 097 AAD disease targets and 127 drug-disease intersection targets. The protein-protein interaction network mainly included core targets such as protein kinase B1（Akt1）， interleukin（IL）-6 and IL-1β， which were mainly enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway. It was verified through animal experiments that compared with the blank group， the colon structure of the model group was seriously abnormal， the intestinal epithelial columnar cells were damaged， the goblet cells were reduced， and a large number of inflammatory cells were infiltrated. Compared with the model group， the colon structure of the GQT high-dose group improved， but there were still abnormalities， the colon structure of GQT medium- and low- dose groups and Lizhu Changle group improved significantly and reached the normal level. GQT could improve the structural diversity of AAD intestinal flora. At the phylum level， the abundance of Firmicutes was increased and the abundance of Bacteroidetes was decreased. At the genus level， the abundance of Lactobacillus was increased， and the abundances of Prevotella and Bacteroides were decreased. Among them， Lactococcus could be used as a biomarker for AAD treatment with GQT， and the prediction of functional metabolism of intestinal flora revealed that GQT could promote acetate and lactate metabolic pathways in the intestine. ConclusionGQT may activate IL-17 signaling pathway by acting on the targets of Akt1 and IL-6 through key components such as quercetin and wogonin， and improve the abundance of Lactococcus in the intestinal tract as well as acetate and lactate metabolic pathways， so as to play a role in repairing the intestinal barrier for the treatment of AAD.

Functions of Scutellariae Radix， Coptidis Rhizoma， and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in Materia Medica and Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Scutellariae Radix， Coptidis Rhizoma， and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex are three commonly used Chinese herbal medicines， and their application in classic famous prescriptions cannot be fully explained by the triple energizer classification method. This study reviewed the ancient materia medica works and elaborated on the functions of the three herbal medicines before the Song dynasty and after the Jin dynasty. The works before the Song dynasty mainly introduced the diseases treated by the three herbal medicines according to the Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica（《神农本草经》）， and the works after the Jin dynasty mainly expounded the indications of the three medicines in the Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica according to the new medical theory. Although all the three herbal medicines can treat heat syndrome， digestive system diseases， skin and mucosa diseases， they act on different targets. Scutellariae Radix can regulate Qi stagnation and reverse caused by the fire syndrome. Coptidis Rhizoma can treat excess fire and purulent bloody stool caused by the deficiency of Zang-fu organs. Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex mainly treats the diseases of the intestine and reproductive system and can kill parasites. In addition， this paper summarized the descriptions about the functions of Scutellariae Radix in eliminating blood blockage， Coptidis Rhizoma in protecting the intestine， and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in clearing the liver in ancient books. According to the sentences in the Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases（《伤寒杂病论》）， the application of Scutellariae Radix in Chaihu prescriptions， Coptidis Rhizoma in Baitouweng Decoction， and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex in Zhizi Baipi Decoction confirms to the indications of the three medicines in the materia medica works before the Song Dynasty. The existing clinical and pharmacological research results confirm the indications of the three herbal medicines in the ancient works. The clinical application of the three medicines should refer to the materia medicia works before the Song dynasty， so as to achieve precise medication.

Characteristics of kidney diseases in children aged 0-3 years old / 中华肾脏病杂志

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of renal disease spectrum in children aged 0-3 years old, and to evaluate the clinical value of renal biopsy in children aged 0-3 years old with renal diseases.Methods:It was a retrospective analysis study. The children aged 0-3 years old with kidney diseases receiving renal biopsy and having complete clinical data in Shanghai Children's Hospital from January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2020 were enrolled. The clinical and pathological data of the children were collected. The spectrum of renal diseases, clinical phenotype, renal pathology, and the relationship between renal pathology/genotype and clinical phenotype were analyzed.Results:A total of 117 children aged 0-3 years old with kidney diseases were enrolled in the study, accounting for 6.5% (117/1 790) of all children (0-18 years old) with renal biopsies during the same period. There were 77 males and 40 females. The age was (2.20±0.51) years old (5-35 months). All cases of renal biopsies in children aged 0-3 years old were successful without serious complications. Nephrotic syndrome was the common clinical phenotype of kidney diseases in children aged 0-3 years old (59.0%, 69/117), followed by hematuria and proteinuria (29.1%, 34/117). Primary glomerular disease (69.2%, 81/117) was the major clinical type of renal diseases, followed by hereditary kidney diseases (29.1%, 34/117), in which Alport syndrome was the main hereditary kidney disease (79.4%, 27/34). Renal pathological types of children aged 0-3 years old were mainly distributed in minimal change disease (30.8%, 36/117), followed by glomerular minor lesion (26.5%, 31/117), mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (15.4%, 18/117), and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (10.3%, 12/117). Among 40 children aged 0-3 years old with hematuria with/without proteinuria, 25 cases were diagnosed as Alport syndrome by abnormal immunofluorescence of type IV collagen in renal tissues. Among the 28 children with kidney diseases who underwent genetic testing, 23 cases had gene mutations, mainly in COL4A5 gene (60.9%, 14/23), among which 4 children had gene mutations in 8 children with refractory nephrotic syndrome. Among the children aged 0-3 years old with clinical manifestations of hematuria, the proportion of gross hematuria in children diagnosed with Alport syndrome (59.3%, 16/27) was significantly higher than that in children without Alport syndrome (20.0%, 3/15, χ2=5.999, P=0.014). Conclusions:Primary glomerular disease is the principal type of kidney diseases in children aged 0-3 years old, followed by hereditary kidney disease. Attention should be paid to children aged 0-3 years old with gross hematuria. Renal biopsy in children aged 0-3 years old is safe and reliable, and it is an essential means for the diagnosis of renal diseases. Renal biopsy combined with gene testing can better understand the etiology of kidney diseases and guide treatment in children aged 0-3 years old.

Progress on evaluation of dysphagia in patients with Parkinson′s disease / 中华神经科杂志

Parkinson′s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. The prevalence of dysphagia in patients with PD is 16%-87%. Dysphagic patients show abnormalities in the oral, pharyngeal and esophageal phases of swallowing. The evaluation tools of dysphagia in patients with PD include instrumental assessment tools, non-instrumental objective assessment tools and subjective assessment tools. Videofluoroscopic study of swallowing and flexible endoscopic examination of swallowing are the gold standards for swallowing assessment in patients with PD; high-resolution manometry, tongue pressure measurement, surface electromyography and ultrasonography can be used as supplementary tests; the Swallowing Disturbance Questionnaire Scale, which is sensitive, specific, reliable and valid, is recommended as a screening tool.

Advances in treatment and prognosis of MiT family translocated renal cell carcinoma / 中华泌尿外科杂志

MiT family translocation renal cell carcinoma mainly includes Xp11.2/TFE3 gene fusion-related renal cell carcinoma (TFE3 RCC)and t(6; 11)/TFEB gene fusion-related renal cell carcinoma(TFEB RCC), which is rare and there is no standard treatment plan yet, and the prognosis is still controversial. For localized lesions, surgery is the first choice for treatment, and systemic treatment such as targeted drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors can be combined when there is metastasis. The application of gene testing provides the basis for personalized treatment. TFE3 RCC is highly invasive and has a poor prognosis, while TFEB RCC usually has a biological behavior of inertia and a better prognosis.

Complications of urethrography and its management / 中华泌尿外科杂志

This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 28 male patients with urethral stricture who had complications during urethrography, including 14 cases of infection, 8 cases of urethral bleeding, 5 cases of contrast agent hypersensitivity, and 1 case of bladder rupture. The infection manifested as acute cystitis in 11 cases, acute pyelonephritis in 1 case, acute epididymitis in 1 case, and sepsis in 1 case. Hypersensitivity reaction was mild in 3 cases, moderate and severe in 2 cases. A child with bladder rupture was immediately transferred to open surgery for bladder repair. All patients were cured by corresponding treatment. The complications of urethrography have various manifestations and different degrees of severity, so we should pay attention to prevention and proper treatment.

Effect of percutaneous transhepatic one-step biliary fistulation combined with rigid choledochoscopy in the treatment of benign hepatic bile duct strictures / 中华肝胆外科杂志

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of percutaneous transhepatic one-step biliary fistulation (PTOBF) combined with rigid choledochoscopy in the treatment of benign hepatic bile duct strictures.Methods:The clinical data of 46 patients with hepatic ductal stenosis and stones undergoing PTOBF combined with rigid choledochoscopy at the First Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University between September 2016 and September 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 20 males and 26 females, aged (48.5±17.6) years. The location of stones and strictures, stone retrieval rate, postoperative complications, stricture release rate, stone recurrence rate, and reoperation rate were analyzed to access the safety and effectiveness of this procedure.Results:A total of 58 sites of stenoses were found in 46 patients, and PTOBF lithotripsy combined with rigid choledochoscopy were performed for 77 times. The early postoperative complication rate was 19.6% (9/46), and the stenosis release rate was 93.5% (43/46). The mean follow-up time was (28.1±19.6) months, the complete stone retrieval rate was 91.3% (42/46), the stone recurrence rate was 19.6% (9/46), the reoperation rate was 8.7% (4/46), and the long-term postoperative complication rate was 6.5% (3/46).Conclusion:PTOBF combined with rigid choledochoscopic stenoplasty for benign hepatic duct strictures is a safe and feasible procedure to reduce the stone recurrence and long-term postoperative complications.

Efficacy of different frequency of intense pulsed light in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of frequency of intense pulsed light(IPL)in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction.METHODS: In this retrospective study, a total of 108 patients(216 eyes)with meibomian gland dysfunction admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 were included. They were divided into two groups, with 54 cases(108 eyes)IPL group(energy density 13.0J/cm2, pulse width 6ms, delay time 50ms), and 54 cases(108 eyes)in advanced optimal pulsed technology(AOPT)group(energy density 10.0-16.0J/cm2, pulse width 7-4-4 ms in unequal-division mode). The clinical effects of the two groups were observed and compared, including ocular surface symptoms, corneal fluorescein staining score(FL), tear film lipid layer thickness(LLT), ocular surface disease index(OSDI)score, mean non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUTav)and first non-invasive tear film break-up time(NIBUTf), tear meniscus height, score of meibomian gland secretion and its secretion traits, and the incidence of adverse effects was also calculated.RESULTS: The effective rate of the AOPT group(106 eyes, 98.1%)was higher than that of the IPL group(90 eyes, 83.3%, P&#x003C;0.05), as well as OSDI score, FL score, score of meibomian gland secretion and its secretion traits, LLT NIBUTav, NIBUTf and tear meniscus height(all P&#x003C;0.001). However, the incidence of adverse effects of the AOPT group(18 eyes, 16.7%)was higher than that of the IPL group(4 eyes, 3.7%; P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: With significant improvement in the ocular surface symptoms and function, AOPT has a better therapeutic effect on the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction, but it has more adverse reactions. Therefore, optimal treatment plan should be fully selected in combination with the actual clinical situation.